Create Pluggable Database using the seed database as a template

Posted on September 11, 2015 by Biljana Davidovic

In my previous posts, I combined tools SQL*Plus, SQL Developer, and Oracle Enterprise Manager EM12c for many different tasks. They allow me to connect to the pluggable database PDBORCL, to create PL/SQL subprograms and packages, to run SQL queries, DML, and DDL statements. I also showed how to make the PDBORCL pluggable database larger by adding a new tablespace to it.

All of that was the introduction to this post as I am going to demonstrate how to create a new pluggable database.

Oracle database version 12.1.0.2 introduces 3 new SQL DDL statements:
– CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
– ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE
– DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE

The CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement enables us to perform the following tasks:
1) Create a PDB by using the seed pluggable database PDBSEED as a template.
The files associated with the seed are copied to a new location and the copied files are then associated with the new PDB.
2) Create a PDB by cloning an existing PDB or non-CDB.
The files associated with the existing PDB or non-CDB are copied to a new location and the copied files are associated with the new PDB. Here, it should be noticed that creating a PDB by cloning a non-CDB is available starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2).
3) Create a PDB by plugging an unplugged PDB or a non-CDB into a CDB.
This option is done by using an XML metadata file.

The pluggable database has four different open modes:
1) READ WRITE
A PDB in open read/write mode allows queries and user transactions to proceed and allows users to generate redo logs.
2) READ ONLY
A PDB in open read-only mode allows queries but does not allow user changes.
3) MIGRATE
When a PDB is in open migrate mode, you can run database upgrade scripts on the PDB.
4) MOUNTED
When a PDB is in mounted mode, it behaves like a non-CDB in mounted mode. It does not allow changes to any objects, and it is accessible only to database administrators. It cannot read from or write to data files. Information about the PDB is removed from memory caches. Cold backups of the PDB are possible.

To remove a PDB from a CDB the following should be done:
– Unplug the PDB from a CDB.
– Drop the PDB.

task#11 Connect to the Container database CDB$ROOT as SYSDBA and create a pluggable database “BOOKSTORE” by using the seed pluggable database PDBSEED as a template.

step#1 Create BOOKSTORE database

SYS@orcl > create pluggable database "BOOKSTORE"
2  admin user "BOOKSTOREADMIN"
3  identified by "BOOKSTOREADMIN"
4  file_name_convert = ('C:\app\orauser\oradata\orcl\pdbseed\',
5  'C:\app\orauser\oradata\orcl\bookstore\');

Pluggable database created.

The other way to create the pluggable database “BOOKSTORE” is to omitt the clause FILE_NAME_CONVERT.
In that case, the database will attempt to use the Oracle Managed Files or the PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter.
In my environment, the Oracle Managed Files are not specified, so the database will attempt to use the parameter PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT which could be defined by using statements ALTER SYSTEM or ALTER SESSION. For this task I will be using ALTER SESSION statement

SYS@orcl > ALTER SESSION SET PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('C:\app\orauser\oradata\orcl\pdbseed\',
2  'C:\app\orauser\oradata\orcl\bookstore\');

Session altered.

Now, the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement is simple

SYS@orcl > create pluggable database "BOOKSTORE"
2  admin user "BOOKSTOREADMIN"
3  identified by "BOOKSTOREADMIN";

Pluggable database created.

If the parameter PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT is not set, then an error will occur after the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement.
step#2 Open BOOKSTORE database in READ WRITE mode

SYS@orcl > alter pluggable database "BOOKSTORE" open read write;

Pluggable database altered.

step#3 Prove that CDB$ROOT now contains the seed and two PDBs

SYS@orcl > show PDBS

CON_ID      CON_NAME             PEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- --------------------  ---------- ----------
2          PDB$SEED              READ ONLY  NO
3          PDBORCL               READ WRITE NO
4          BOOKSTORE             READ WRITE NO

step4# Show the open time of PDBs

SYS@orcl > select substr(name,1,10) name
, con_id, open_mode
, to_char(open_time,'DD-MON-YYYY') open_time
,total_size
from v$pdbs;

NAME           CON_ID OPEN_MODE  OPEN_TIME   TOTAL_SIZE
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------
PDB$SEED            2 READ ONLY  10-SEP-2015  975175680
PDBORCL             3 READ WRITE 10-SEP-2015 2747269120
BOOKSTORE           4 READ WRITE 10-SEP-2015  996147200

step5# Start SQL Developer and show that CDB$ROOT has two pluggable databases: PDBORCL and BOOKSTORE

The Container Database

step#6 Open the list Datafiles in the DBA View and show that there is no additional datafiles for CDB$ROOT.

Datafiles

step#7 Open the list Tablespaces in the DBA View and show that there is no added tablespaces for CDB$ROOT either.

Tablespaces

step#8 Create a new connection to BOOKSTORE database in the Connection View

Create Connection

The following elements should be specified in order to create a connection: the connection name, the user name, the password, connection type and role, the hostname, the port, and the service name.

The Connection has been Created

We are connected to the BOOKSTORE database which is empty of the user elements for now.

step#9 Click on the bookstore connection and choose the option Manage Database to show BOOKSTORE Tablespaces.

Manage Database

step#10 BOOKSTORE contains the following tablespaces: SYSTEM, SYSAUX, and TEMP. In order to create any schema, BOOKSTORE needs a new tablespace for users tables and other schema elements.

BOOKSTORE tablespaces

step#11 Open the Database Configuration Assistant and create EM12c port 5504 as the entry point for BOOOKSTORE database.

The Configuration Assistant

step#12 Open the browser with “localhost:5504/em” and login to BOOKSTORE as SYSDBA

BOOKSTORE EM12c

step#13 Show how many tablespaces are there in the BOOKSTORE database

Tablespaces Of BOOKSTORE

step#14 Create a new tablespace “USER”

Create Tablespace USER

step#15 The USER tablespace is created and we are ready to create the very first schema in the BOOKSTORE database.

The USER tablespace

step#16 Back to SQL Developer again, the BOOKSTORE database is ready for the new elements.

SQL Developer worksheet

step#17 Click on the BOOKSTORE connection in the Connect View and choose the option Create User.

Create Schema

step#18 Enter the name, the password, roles, privileges, quotas, and default and temporary tablespace for the new user.

Enter details about the schema

The following SQL CREATE USER statement will be automatically created and executed and the user “CODE” will be created

CREATE USER code IDENTIFIED BY code
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USER"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

GRANT "CONNECT" TO code ;
GRANT "RESOURCE" TO code ;
ALTER USER code DEFAULT ROLE "CONNECT","RESOURCE";

step#19 Open the Oracle Network Manager and create the service @bookstore,
enter the connection type, protocol, the host name, and the port number.

Net Manager

step#20 Use SQL*Plus and connect to the BOOKSTORE database as user code/code@bookstore

@bookstore

step#21 Show The Oracle Listener configuration

C:\temp>lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 10-SEP-2015 23:13:18

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> help
The following operations are available
An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:

start           stop            status          services
version         reload          save_config     trace
quit            exit            set*            show*

LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                10-SEP-2015 15:04:56
Uptime                    0 days 8 hr. 8 min. 39 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   C:\app\orauser\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File         C:\app\orauser\diag\tnslsnr\HPblue\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=HPblue)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=C:\APP\ORAUSER\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=HPblue)(PORT=5502))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=C:\APP\ORAUSER\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=HPblue)(PORT=5504))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=C:\APP\ORAUSER\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "bookstore" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdborcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> services
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
Service "bookstore" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:50 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:50 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"D000" established:68 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: HPBLUE, pid: 2564>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=HPblue)(PORT=49169))
Service "pdborcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:50 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>

Summary

The Oracle Database 12c SQL statement CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE allows us to create a new pluggable database by using the seed pluggable database PDBSEED as a template. The new database does not contain any user tablespace for schemas and the schema elements ( tables, indexes, etc.) and it should be created next.

The other ways to create pluggable databases are by cloning an existing PDB or non-CDB, or by plugging an unplugged PDB or a non-CDB into a CDB.

Beside SQL*Plus, SQL Developer, and Oracle Enterprise Manager EM12c, two new tools are introduced : the Oracle Net Manager and the Database Configuration Assistant.

Review – Oracle Database 12c New SQL*Plus commands

Posted on September 8, 2015 by Biljana Davidovic

SQL*Plus is the Command Line User Interface that is installed with every Oracle Database installation.
It allows the user to connect to the database, perform database administration, create and execute batch scripts, get the description of any schema object, and format, save, and print query result sets.

Every new release of the Oracle Database brings to the users a new SQL*Plus set of commands and options.

task#8 For this task we will use the table DEMO.TEXTS that was introduced in the previous post task#7. Also, the new procedure proc_impl_res was created to demonstrate the SQL*Plus support for implicit results.
step#1 Last Login Time

By default, SQL*Plus displays the time the user last logged on.
This security feature can be turned off with a SQLPLUS command option -NOLOGINTIME.

SQL*Plus Last Login Time

step#2 New Administrative Privileges

The new user privileges SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, and SYSKM are supported by SQLPLUS and CONNECT commands.
The existing privileges SYSASM, SYSDBA, and SYSOPER are supported too.

SQL*Plus new user privileges SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, and SYSKM

step#3 Support for Implicit Results

SQL*Plus can iteratively return results from a PL/SQL Statement without using a local ref cursor.

create or replace procedure proc_impl_res
authid current_user
as
  l_cursor_min sys_refcursor;
  l_cursor_max sys_refcursor;
begin
  open l_cursor_min for SELECT * FROM TEXTS where winter > 100;
  dbms_sql.return_result(l_cursor_min);
  open l_cursor_max for SELECT * FROM TEXTS where summer > 1000000;
  dbms_sql.return_result(l_cursor_max);
exception
  when others then
  dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
end;

SQL*Plus Support for Implicit Results

step#4 Displaying Invisible Columns

SQL*Plus has the command SET COLINVI[SIBLE] to allow invisible column
information to be viewed with the SQL*Plus DESCRIBE command.

SQL*Plus Displaying Invisible Columns

step#5 Pluggable Database Support

The STARTUP command options support pluggable databases.
There are also SHOW command options to display information about pluggable
databases: SHOW CON_ID, SHOW CON_NAME and SHOW PDBS.

SQL*Plus Pluggable Database Support

References

[ref8] SQL*Plus® Release Notes Release 12.1 E18402-06
[ref9] SQL*Plus® User’s Guide and Reference Release 12.1 E18404-12

Upgrade to Oracle Database 12c

Posted on August 22, 2015 by Biljana Davidovic

task#1 Check the version of your Oracle database and if it is not 12c, notify that it should be upgraded to the Oracle Database 12c.

step#1 – Connect to the Oracle Database as SYSDBA

c:TEMP>sqlplus / as sysdba
SYS@orcl > spool task#1.ext append

step#2 – Check the database version

SYS@orcl > select value from v$parameter where name='optimizer_features_enable';
VALUE
-----------------------------------------------------------
12.1.0.2
SYS@orcl > select value from v$parameter where name='db_unique_name';
VALUE
---------
orcl

The other way to know the Oracle Database version is the following:

--Oracle Database 10.2 
SQL> begin 
2 dbms_output.put_line(DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION || '.' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.RELEASE); 
3 end; 
4 / 
10.2

--Oracle Database 12.1
SYS@orcl > begin
  2  dbms_output.put_line(DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION || '.' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.RELEASE);
  3  end;
  4  /
12.1

step#3 – If the database is not Oracle Database 12c, show the following message ” current_version should be updated to Oracle database 12c. Go to the www.oracle.com ” , and go to step#8.

SYS@orcl > select value current_version,
case substr(value,1,2) 
  when '12' then 'The current version is ' || value
  else value || ' should be updated to Oracle Database 12c. Go to www.oracle.com'
end as status
from v$parameter
where name='optimizer_features_enable';
/
VERSION       STATUS
------------- -----------------------------------------------
12.1.0.2      The current version is 12.1.0.2

step#4 – Else, if it is Oracle Database 12c, show CDB/PDBs details

SYS@orcl > select con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from v$containers;
CON_ID     NAME         OPEN_MODE  RES
------     -----------  --------  ---
1          CDB$ROOT     READ WRITE NO
2          PDB$SEED     READ ONLY  NO
3          PDBORCL      MOUNTED    NO

step#5 – If any PDB is not opened, set its mode to READ ONLY or READ WRITE accordingly

SYS@orcl > select con_id, name
from v$containers
where open_mode not IN ('READ WRITE', 'READ ONLY');
CON_ID     NAME
---------- ------------------------------
3          PDBORCL

SYS@orcl > alter pluggable database pdborcl open read write;
Pluggable database altered.

SYS@orcl > select con_id, name, open_mode, restricted 
from v$containers 
where name='PDBORCL';
/
CON_ID     NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RES
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---
3          PDBORCL                        READ WRITE NO

step#6 – Connect to the last PDB that is opened in READ WRITE mode.

SYS@orcl > alter session set container=pdborcl;
Session altered.

step#7 – Show the container ID of the PDB

SYS@orcl > sho con_id
CON_ID
------------------------------
3
SYS@orcl > sho parameter plsql
NAME                   TYPE        VALUE
-------------------    ----------- ------------------------------
plsql_ccflags          string
plsql_code_type        string      INTERPRETED
plsql_debug            boolean     FALSE
plsql_optimize_level   integer     2
plsql_v2_compatibility boolean     FALSE
plsql_warnings         string      DISABLE:ALL

step#8 – Disconnect from the database.

SYS@orcl > exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
c:TEMP>type task#1.ext | more

task#2 Automate task#1. Create a standalone procedure that will return the same result as task#1.

create or replace function funct_db_version
  return number
  authid current_user
is
  l_intval number;
  l_strval varchar2(2000);
  l_type number;
begin
  l_type := dbms_utility.get_parameter_value ('optimizer_features_enable', l_intval, l_strval);
  return to_number(substr(l_strval,1,2));
exception
  when others then
    dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
end;
/

--Oracle Database 10.2
select funct_db_version from dual;

FUNCT_DB_VERSION
----------------
              10

--Oracle Database 12.1
SYS@orcl > select funct_db_version from dual;

FUNCT_DB_VERSION
----------------
              12

create or replace procedure proc_upgrade_to_12c
  authid current_user
is
  l_stmt varchar2(500);
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
  CURSOR cur_id_name
  is 
  select con_id, name from v$containers where open_mode not IN ('READ WRITE', 'READ ONLY');
  TYPE t_id is table of v$containers.con_id%TYPE;
  TYPE t_name is table of v$containers.name%TYPE;
  l_list_id t_id;
  l_list_name t_name;
  l_con_id varchar2(256);
  l_con_name varchar2(256);
$END
begin
  if not funct_db_version = 12 then
    dbms_output.put_line(' The database ' ||DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION || '.' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.RELEASE || ' should be updated to Oracle Database 12c. Go to www.oracle.com' );
    return;
  end if;
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
  if not cur_id_name%ISOPEN then
    open cur_id_name;
  end if; 
  fetch cur_id_name BULK COLLECT into l_list_id, l_list_name;
  if l_list_id.COUNT > 0 then
    for i in 1..l_list_id.COUNT
    loop
      l_stmt := 'alter pluggable database ' ||lower( l_list_name(i) )|| ' open read write';
      execute immediate l_stmt;
      dbms_output.put_line('Container ' || lower( l_list_name(i) )|| ' open READ WRITE');
    end loop;
  end if; 
  select sys_context('USERENV','CON_ID') into l_con_id from dual;
  select sys_context('USERENV','CON_NAME') into l_con_name from dual;
  dbms_output.put_line('Current container ' || l_con_name || ' has ID ' || l_con_id);
  dbms_output.put_line('$$PLSQL_CODE_TYPE = ' || $$PLSQL_CODE_TYPE);
  dbms_output.put_line('$$PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL = ' || $$PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL);
  dbms_output.put_line('$$PLSCOPE_SETTINGS = ' || $$PLSCOPE_SETTINGS);
  if cur_id_name%ISOPEN then
    close cur_id_name;
  end if;
$END
exception
  when others then
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
  if cur_id_name%ISOPEN then
    close cur_id_name;
  end if;
$END
  dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
end proc_upgrade_to_12c;
/

--Oracle Database 10.2
SQL>exec proc_upgrade_to_12c;

The database 10.2 should be updated to Oracle Database 12c. Go to www.oracle.com

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--Oracle Database 12.1
SYS@orcl > exec proc_upgrade_to_12c;
Current container CDB$ROOT has ID 1
$$PLSQL_CODE_TYPE = INTERPRETED
$$PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL = 2
$$PLSCOPE_SETTINGS = IDENTIFIERS:NONE

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

task#3 Create a standalone procedure that shows details of CDB/PDBs such as container id, name, and open mode.


create or replace procedure proc_show_details_12c
  authid current_user
  is
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
  CURSOR cur_id_name_mode 
  is 
  select con_id, name, open_mode from v$containers;
  TYPE t_id is table of v$containers.con_id%TYPE;
  TYPE t_name is table of v$containers.name%TYPE;
  TYPE t_mode is table of v$containers.open_mode%TYPE;
  l_list_id t_id;
  l_list_name t_name;
  l_list_mode t_mode;
  l_con_id varchar2(256);
  l_con_name varchar2(256);
  l_stmt varchar2(500);
$END
begin
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
  if funct_db_version = 12 then
    if not cur_id_name_mode%ISOPEN then
      open cur_id_name_mode;
    end if; 
    fetch cur_id_name_mode BULK COLLECT into l_list_id, l_list_name, l_list_mode;
    if l_list_id.COUNT > 0 then
      for i in 1..l_list_id.COUNT
      loop
        if l_list_name(i) = 'CDB$ROOT' then
          dbms_output.put_line('Root ' || l_list_id(i) || ', ' || l_list_name(i) || ' open as ' || l_list_mode(i) );
        else
          dbms_output.put_line('Pluggable DB ' || l_list_id(i) || ', ' || l_list_name(i) || ' open as ' || l_list_mode(i) );
        end if;
      end loop; 
    end if;
    if cur_id_name_mode%ISOPEN then
      close cur_id_name_mode;
    end if; 
  end if;
$ELSE
  dbms_output.put_line('Version '|| DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION || '.' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.RELEASE || 
  ' does not support this code. Upgrade to 12c.');
$END
exception
  when others then
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
  if cur_id_name_mode%ISOPEN then
    close cur_id_name_mode;
  end if;
$END
  dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
end proc_show_details_12c;
/

--Oracle Database 10.2
SQL> exec proc_show_details_12c;
Version 10.2 does not support this code. Upgrade to 12c.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--Oracle Database 12.1
SYS@orcl > exec proc_show_details_12c;
Root 1, CDB$ROOT open as READ WRITE
Pluggable DB 2, PDB$SEED open as READ ONLY
Pluggable DB 3, PDBORCL open as READ WRITE

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Or, you can see all the above actions in a SQL*Plus Command Line Window:

Alter The Mode Of The Pluggable Database

task#4 Create a package with procedures that will return the same result as task#2 and task#3.


create or replace package pkg_checker
is
  function funct_db_version return number;
  procedure proc_show_details_12c;
  procedure proc_upgrade_to_12c;
end;
/


create or replace package body pkg_checker
is
  function funct_db_version
  return number
  is
    l_intval number;
    l_strval varchar2(2000);
    l_type number;
  begin
    l_type := dbms_utility.get_parameter_value ('optimizer_features_enable', l_intval, l_strval);
    return to_number(substr(l_strval,1,2));
  exception
    when others then
      dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
  end;

  procedure proc_show_details_12c
  is
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
    CURSOR cur_id_name_mode
    is 
    select con_id, name, open_mode from v$containers;
    TYPE t_id is table of v$containers.con_id%TYPE;
    TYPE t_name is table of v$containers.name%TYPE;
    TYPE t_mode is table of v$containers.open_mode%TYPE;
    l_list_id t_id;
    l_list_name t_name;
    l_list_mode t_mode;
    l_con_id varchar2(256);
    l_con_name varchar2(256);
    l_stmt varchar2(500);
$END
  begin
    if not funct_db_version = 12 then
      dbms_output.put_line( 'The database ' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION || '.' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.RELEASE || ' should be updated to Oracle Database 12c. Go to www.oracle.com' );
      return;
    end if;
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
    if not cur_id_name_mode%ISOPEN then
      open cur_id_name_mode;
    end if; 
    fetch cur_id_name_mode BULK COLLECT into l_list_id, l_list_name, l_list_mode;
    if l_list_id.COUNT > 0 then
      for i in 1..l_list_id.COUNT
      loop
        if l_list_name(i) = 'CDB$ROOT' then
          dbms_output.put_line('Root ' || l_list_id(i) || ', ' || l_list_name(i) || ' open as ' || l_list_mode(i) );
        else
          dbms_output.put_line('Pluggable DB ' || l_list_id(i) || ', ' || l_list_name(i) || ' open as ' || l_list_mode(i) );
        end if;
      end loop; 
    end if;
    if cur_id_name_mode%ISOPEN then
      close cur_id_name_mode;
    end if; 
$END
  exception
    when others then
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
    if cur_id_name_mode%ISOPEN then
      close cur_id_name_mode;
    end if;
$END
    dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
  end;

  procedure proc_upgrade_to_12c
  is
    l_stmt varchar2(500);
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
    CURSOR cur_id_name
    is 
    select con_id, name from v$containers where open_mode not IN ('READ WRITE', 'READ ONLY');
    TYPE t_id is table of v$containers.con_id%TYPE;
    TYPE t_name is table of v$containers.name%TYPE;
    l_list_id t_id;
    l_list_name t_name;
    l_con_id varchar2(256);
    l_con_name varchar2(256);
$END
  begin
    if not funct_db_version = 12 then
      dbms_output.put_line('The database ' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION || '.' || DBMS_DB_VERSION.RELEASE || ' should be updated to Oracle Database 12c. Go to www.oracle.com' );
      return;
    end if;
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
    if not cur_id_name%ISOPEN then
      open cur_id_name;
    end if; 
    fetch cur_id_name BULK COLLECT into l_list_id, l_list_name;
    if l_list_id.COUNT > 0 then
      for i in 1..l_list_id.COUNT
      loop
        l_stmt := 'alter pluggable database ' ||lower( l_list_name(i) )|| ' open read write';
        execute immediate l_stmt;
        dbms_output.put_line('Container ' || lower( l_list_name(i) )|| ' open READ WRITE' ) ;
      end loop;
    end if;
    select sys_context('USERENV','CON_ID') into l_con_id from dual;
    select sys_context('USERENV','CON_NAME') into l_con_name from dual;
    dbms_output.put_line('Container ' || l_con_name || ' has ID ' || l_con_id);
    dbms_output.put_line('$$PLSQL_CODE_TYPE = ' || $$PLSQL_CODE_TYPE);
    dbms_output.put_line('$$PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL = ' || $$PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL);
    dbms_output.put_line('$$PLSCOPE_SETTINGS = ' || $$PLSCOPE_SETTINGS);
    if cur_id_name%ISOPEN then
      close cur_id_name;
    end if;
$END
  exception
    when others then
$IF DBMS_DB_VERSION.VERSION >= 12 $THEN
    if cur_id_name%ISOPEN then
      close cur_id_name;
    end if;
$END
    dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
  end;
end;
/

--Oracle Database 10.2
SQL> exec pkg_checker.proc_show_details_12c;
The database 10.2 should be updated to Oracle Database 12c. Go to www.oracle.com

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--Oracle Database 12.1
SYS@orcl > exec pkg_checker.proc_show_details_12c;
Root 1, CDB$ROOT open as READ WRITE
Pluggable DB 2, PDB$SEED open as READ ONLY
Pluggable DB 3, PDBORCL open as READ WRITE

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--Oracle Database 10.2
SQL> exec pkg_checker.proc_upgrade_to_12c;
The database 10.2 should be updated to Oracle Database 12c. Go to www.oracle.com

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--Oracle Database 12.1
SYS@orcl > exec pkg_checker.proc_upgrade_to_12c;
Container CDB$ROOT has ID 1
$$PLSQL_CODE_TYPE = INTERPRETED
$$PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL = 2
$$PLSCOPE_SETTINGS = IDENTIFIERS:NONE

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Now, you can repeat the process over and over again, see the SQL*Plus Command Line Window:

Repeat the Action Over and Over Again

So far, the following schema objects were created:

--Oracle Database 10.2
SYS$SQL> 
select substr(object_name,1,20), substr(object_type,1,20)
from user_objects  
where created > sysdate - 1;

SUBSTR(OBJECT_NAME,1 SUBSTR(OBJECT_TYPE,
-------------------- -------------------
PROC_UPGRADE_TO_12C  PROCEDURE
PROC_SHOW_DETAILS_12 PROCEDURE
PKG_CHECKER          PACKAGE
PKG_CHECKER          PACKAGE BODY
FUNCT_DB_VERSION     FUNCTION

--Oracle Database 12.1
SYS@orcl > select lpad(substr(object_type,1,20),20) type, substr(object_name,1,20) name, created --12.1
  2  from user_objects
  3  where object_name like 'FUNCT%'
  4  or object_name like 'PROC%'
  5  or object_name like 'PKG%';

TYPE                 NAME                 CREATED
-------------------- -------------------- ---------
             PACKAGE PKG_CHECKER          21-AUG-15
        PACKAGE BODY PKG_CHECKER          21-AUG-15
           PROCEDURE PROC_SHOW_DETAILS_12 21-AUG-15
           PROCEDURE PROC_UPGRADE_TO_12C  21-AUG-15
            FUNCTION FUNCT_DB_VERSION     21-AUG-15

10 rows selected.

Final Task# Drop all objects from the database that were created in the above examples!

SYS@orcl > drop function funct_db_version;
SYS@orcl > drop procedure proc_upgrade_to_12c;
SYS@orcl > drop procedure proc_show_details_12c;
SYS@orcl > drop package pkg_checker;

Instead of Summary

The purpose of the task#1 is to show how many solutions you can create for the one task, in this case it was to find out the version and the release of the Oracle Database. This can also be done easily with this select statement:

c:TEMP>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Sep 10 18:14:23 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SYS@orcl > COL PRODUCT FORMAT A40
SYS@orcl > COL VERSION FORMAT A15
SYS@orcl > COL STATUS FORMAT A15
SYS@orcl > SELECT * FROM PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION;

PRODUCT                               VERSION    STATUS
------------------------------------ ----------  ------------
NLSRTL                               12.1.0.2.0  Production
OracleDatabase12c Enterprise Edition 12.1.0.2.0  64bit Production
PL/SQL                               12.1.0.2.0  Production
TNS for 64-bit Windows:              12.1.0.2.0  Production

SYS@orcl >

Dictionary
sqlplus = “SQL*Plus is an interactive and batch query tool that is installed with every Oracle Database installation. It has a command-line user interface.”, [ref2]
spool = SQL*Plus command that stores query results in a file, or optionally sends the file to a printer, [ref2]
.ext = the extension of the file where command spool stores the query results, [ref2]
append = The option that adds the contents of the buffer to the end of the file you specify in the spool command, [ref2]
CDB = a multitenant container database,
PDB = a pluggable database,
v$parameter = The dynamic performance view that displays information about the initialization parameters that are currently in effect for the session, [ref3]
v$containers = The dynamic performance view that displays information about PDBs and the root associated with the current instance, [ref3]
select = SQL statement that retrieves data from one or more tables, object tables, views, object views, or materialized views, [ref1]
CDB$ROOT = Oracle Database 12c root container, [ref4]
PDB$SEED = Oracle Database 12c seed PDB, [ref4]
PDBORCL = Oracle Database 12c pluggable database, a user-created entity that contains the data and code required for a specific set of features, [ref4]
READ ONLY = A database that is available for queries only and cannot be modified, [ref4]
READ WRITE = A database that is available for queries and that can be modified, [ref4]
MOUNTED = An database instance that is started and has the database control file open, [ref4]
alter pluggable database = SQL statement that modifies a pluggable database (PDB), [ref1]
alter session = SQL statement that sets or modifies any of the conditions or parameters that affect your connection to the database. The statement stays in effect until you disconnect from the database, [ref1]
show user = SQL*Plus command that shows the username you are currently using to access SQL*Plus, [ref2]
show con_id = SQL*Plus command that displays the id of the Container to which you are connected when connected to a Consolidated Database. If issued when connected to a non-Consolidated Database, this command returns 0, [ref2]
exit = SQL*Plus command that let you exit SQL*Plus, [ref2]
case = SQL expressions that let you use IF … THEN … ELSE logic in SQL statements without having to invoke procedures, [ref1]

Further reading
If you want to be familiar with Oracle SQL, please see [ref1].
If you want to know what kind of the CLI (Command Line Interface) SQL*Plus is, please see [ref2].
if you want to know details of the Oracle Database meta data, please see [ref3].
If you want to understand the Oracle Database architecture, please see [ref4].
If you want to know details of PL/SQL (Oracle extension of SQL), please see [ref5].

References
[ref1] SQL*Plus® User’s Guide and Reference Release 12.1 E18404-12
[ref2] Oracle® Database SQL Language Reference 12c Release 1 (12.1) E41329-09
[ref3] Oracle® Database Reference 12c Release 1 (12.1) E41527-15
[ref4] Oracle® Database Concepts 12c Release 1 (12.1) E41396-12
[ref5] Oracle® Database PL/SQL Language Reference 12c Release 1 (12.1) E50727-04
[ref6] Oracle® Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference 12c Release 1 (12.1)
E41829-05

Set up the test environment for database-centric applications

Posted on July 19, 2015 by Biljana Davidovic

The free version of the Oracle Database 11g2 express edition could be downloaded from the

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/express-edition/downloads/index.html

The documentation about the installation of the database and the application development could be found on
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/express-edition/documentation/index.html

The list of documents on the next picture shows that there are a lot of to be read, learn, and practice.
The first to be read is the License document, then the Installation Guide, the Getting Started Guide, etc.

After the successful download of the database 11g2 on a Windows XP 32-bit computer,
here are the steps of the installation process that would take a couple of minutes:
step#1 Click twice on the DISK/setup.exe file to start the installation.

step#2 Then, accept the terms in the Oracle license agreement.

step#3 Next, choose destination location for the database files.

step#4 Next, decide about the password for the database accounts SYS and SYSTEM.

step#5 Review all settings such as destination folders and ports.

step#6 After a few minutes, the successful installation would finish with this message.

step#7 Start the Oracle 11g2 database by clicking on
AllPrograms=> Oracle Database 11g Express Edition => Get Started.

step#8 The Database would start in the Google Chrome Browser on the “127.0.0.1:8080/apex/”.

step#9 Click on Storage and login as the SYS user.

step#10 The Storage page would show the current tablespaces: SYSAUX, SYSTEM, UNDO, TEMP, and USER, and their free and used spaces in MB.

step#11 Logout from the database.
step#12 Open the Microsoft Command Prompt window and connect to the database as sysdba by using SQL*Plus command user interface.

SQL> sqlplus / as sysdba

sys@XE> select instance_name || version from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME||VERSION
---------------------------------
xe11.2.0.2.0

step#13 Unlock user “HR” account, change its password, and test it to be sure that all is set up correctly

sys@XE> ALTER USER hr ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

User altered.

sys@XE> ALTER USER hr IDENTIFIED BY hr;

User altered.

sys@XE> connect hr/hr
Connected.

hr@XE> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
COUNTRIES TABLE
DEPARTMENTS TABLE
EMPLOYEES TABLE
EMP_DETAILS_VIEW VIEW
JOBS TABLE
JOB_HISTORY TABLE
LOCATIONS TABLE
REGIONS TABLE

8 rows selected.

hr@XE> connect / as sysdba
Connected.

step#14 Create a new schema

sys@XE> create user biljana identified by davidovic;

User created.

sys@XE> grant CREATE SESSION, ALTER SESSION, CREATE DATABASE LINK, -
> CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM, -
> CREATE ROLE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SYNONYM, CREATE TABLE, -
> CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE, CREATE VIEW, UNLIMITED TABLESPACE -
> to biljana;

Grant succeeded.

sys@XE> connect biljana/davidovic
Connected.

biljana@XE> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
APEX$_ACL TABLE
APEX$_WS_FILES TABLE
APEX$_WS_HISTORY TABLE
APEX$_WS_LINKS TABLE
APEX$_WS_NOTES TABLE
APEX$_WS_ROWS TABLE
APEX$_WS_TAGS TABLE
APEX$_WS_WEBPG_SECTIONS TABLE
APEX$_WS_WEBPG_SECTION_HISTORY TABLE
DEMO_CUSTOMERS TABLE
DEMO_ORDERS TABLE
DEMO_ORDER_ITEMS TABLE
DEMO_PRODUCT_INFO TABLE
DEMO_STATES TABLE
DEMO_USERS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE

17 rows selected.

step#15 Create a new table

biljana@XE> CREATE TABLE "BILJANA"."HOWWELEARN"
( "ID" NUMBER,
"HOW" VARCHAR2(20),
"VALUE" NUMBER(3,0);

Table created.

biljana@XE> alter table howwelearn add constraint test_pk primary key (id);
Table altered.

biljana@XE> CREATE SEQUENCE learn_seq START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;
Sequence created.

biljana@XE> create trigger LEARN_TR_INSERT
before
insert on howwelearn
for each row
declare
var_id number;
begin
select learn_seq.nextval into var_id from dual;
:new.ID := var_id;
end;

Trigger created.

biljana@XE> insert into howwelearn(how, value) values( 'Lecture',5 );
1 row created.

step#16 Create the function funct_get_table_ddl and get DDL statement about the created table ‘HowWeLearn’

biljana@XE> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION funct_get_table_ddl
RETURN CLOB
AUTHID CURRENT_USER
IS

-- Define local variables.

l_h NUMBER; --handle returned by OPEN
l_th NUMBER; -- handle returned by ADD_TRANSFORM
l_doc CLOB; --returned sql ddl statement

BEGIN

-- Specify the object type.

l_h := DBMS_METADATA.OPEN('TABLE');

-- Use filters to specify the particular object desired.

DBMS_METADATA.SET_FILTER(l_h,'SCHEMA','BILJANA');
DBMS_METADATA.SET_FILTER(l_h,'NAME','HOWWELEARN');

-- Request that the metadata be transformed into creation DDL.

l_th := DBMS_METADATA.ADD_TRANSFORM(l_h,'DDL');

-- Fetch the object.

l_doc := DBMS_METADATA.FETCH_CLOB(l_h);

-- Release resources.

DBMS_METADATA.CLOSE(l_h);

-- Return the result

RETURN l_doc;

EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
END;
/

biljana@XE> SET PAGESIZE 0
biljana@XE> SET LONG 1000000
biljana@XE> SELECT funct_get_table_ddl FROM dual;
biljana@XE> set timing on
biljana@XE> SELECT funct_get_table_ddl FROM dual;

CREATE TABLE "BILJANA"."HOWWELEARN"
( "ID" NUMBER,
"HOW" VARCHAR2(20),
"VALUE" NUMBER(3,0),
CONSTRAINT "LEARN_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ID")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DE
FAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "SYSTEM" ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DE
FAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "SYSTEM"
Elapsed: 00:00:01.12

step#17 The data inserted into the table “HOWWELEARN” has been taken from my favorite YouTube channel GoogleTechTalks.

Here is the section from its ABSTRACT:

Explore the brain’s amazing ability to change throughout a person’s life. This phenomenon—called neuroplasticity—is the science behind brain fitness, and it has been called one of the most extraordinary scientific discoveries of the 20th century.

PBS had recently aired this special, The Brain Fitness Program, which explains the brain’s complexities in a way that both scientists and people with no scientific background can appreciate.

This is opportunity to learn more about how our minds work—and to find out more about the latest in cutting-edge brain research, from the founder of Posit Science and creator of the Brain Fitness Program software, Dr. Michael Merzenich.
The video “Think faster focus better and remember more – Rewiring our brain to stay younger” by Dr. Michael Merzenich can be watched on YouTube on

And, here is the important message learned:

biljana@XE> select 'After ' ||
rpad(how,15) ||
' We Learn ONLY ' ||
nvl(value,0) || '%'
from howwelearn;

After Lecture We Learn ONLY 5%
After Reading We Learn ONLY 10%
After Audio We Learn ONLY 20%
After Visual We Learn ONLY 20%
After Demonstration We Learn ONLY 30%
After Discussion We Learn ONLY 50%
After Practice by doing We Learn ONLY 75%
After Teach others We Learn ONLY 90%
After Nothing We Learn ONLY 0%

9 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
biljana@XE>

As we can see from the result set, we remember things mostly only as we start teaching others about it.

Summary

In this post the test environment for the applications that are database-centric has been set up using the free express edition of the Oracle database 11g2.
I hope this will be helpful for anyone who would like to learn more about Oracle Database.

Thank you for visiting my blog!

Have a nice day!

P.S. Keep climbing Mount Olympus ( I mean keep learning and make things happen ) !

Climbing Olympus

The Developer Notebook

Tag Archives: SQLPlus

Create Pluggable Database using the seed database as a template

Review – Oracle Database 12c New SQL*Plus commands

Upgrade to Oracle Database 12c

Set up the test environment for database-centric applications

Share this:

Like this:

Share this:

Like this:

Share this:

Like this:

Share this:

Like this: